Psoriasis

What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition that causes rapid skin cell turnover, leading to red, scaly patches. It is not contagious, and severity can vary from mild to severe. Psoriasis can affect skin, nails, and joints (psoriatic arthritis).

Causes

Immune system dysfunction – overactive immune response accelerates skin cell production.

Genetics – family history increases risk.

Triggers / Environmental factors:

Stress or emotional strain.

Skin injury or irritation (Koebner phenomenon).

Infections (e.g., strep throat).

Certain medications (beta-blockers, lithium, antimalarials).

Cold weather or dry skin.

Symptoms / Appearance

Red or pink patches covered with silvery-white scales.

Itching, burning, or soreness in affected areas.

Commonly affects elbows, knees, scalp, lower back, and nails.

Nail changes – pitting, discoloration, or thickening.

Flare-ups and remission – symptoms may worsen periodically.

Treatments

Topical Treatments

Corticosteroid creams – reduce inflammation.

Vitamin D analogues – slow skin cell growth.

Coal tar or salicylic acid – remove scales and calm irritation.

Moisturisers – prevent dryness and reduce flares.

Systemic & Advanced Treatments

Oral medications – methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin.

Biologic therapies – target specific immune pathways (e.g., adalimumab, etanercept).

Phototherapy (UVB light therapy) – slows skin cell growth.

Lifestyle & Supportive Care

Stress management – meditation, exercise, or therapy.

Avoid triggers – infections, harsh chemicals, smoking, alcohol.

Healthy diet – anti-inflammatory foods, omega-3 fatty acids.

Gentle skincare – avoid hot water and harsh soaps.

Prevention / Management

Maintain consistent skincare routine with moisturizers.

Use sun protection, as sunburn can worsen psoriasis.

Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol.

Manage stress to reduce flare-ups.

Prompt treatment of infections to prevent triggering flares.

FAQs

Q1. Is psoriasis contagious?
No – psoriasis is an autoimmune condition and cannot be passed to others.

Q2. Can psoriasis be cured?
No – it is chronic, but symptoms can be managed effectively.

Q3. What triggers a psoriasis flare-up?
Stress, infections, certain medications, skin injury, and cold weather.

Q4. Can diet affect psoriasis?
Yes – anti-inflammatory diets and omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce flare-ups.

Q5. Can psoriasis affect nails or joints?
Yes – psoriatic arthritis can develop in some patients, causing joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.