Cyst

What is a Cyst?

A cyst is a closed sac under the skin filled with fluid, semi-solid material, or air. Cysts can appear anywhere on the body, most commonly on the skin, ovaries, breasts, or kidneys, but in a dermatology context, we usually refer to skin cysts like epidermoid or sebaceous cysts.

They are usually benign (non-cancerous) but can become inflamed or infected.

Causes

• Blocked sebaceous glands → most common for skin cysts.
• Trauma or injury → can cause fluid to collect under the skin.
• Infections → may trigger cyst formation.
• Genetic conditions → e.g., Gardner’s syndrome or epidermal inclusion cysts.
• Hormonal changes → sometimes linked to sebaceous activity.

Symptoms / Appearance

• Round, firm or soft lumps under the skin.
• Usually slow-growing and painless.
• Can range in size from a few millimetres to several centimetres.
• Skin over the cyst may be normal, red, or inflamed if infected.
• May produce pus or a foul-smelling discharge if ruptured.
• Common locations: face, neck, back, scalp, and genitals.

Treatments

At-Home / Self-Care

• Most small, non-infected cysts don’t need treatment.
• Keep area clean and avoid squeezing/popping (risk of infection or scarring).
• Warm compresses can sometimes reduce swelling or encourage drainage.

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Medical / Professional Treatments

• Incision & drainage → for inflamed or infected cysts.
• Surgical excision → complete removal to prevent recurrence.
• Injection with corticosteroids → reduces inflammation in some cysts.
• Antibiotics → if the cyst becomes infected.

Preventive Measures for Skin Cysts

• Maintain good skin hygiene.
• Avoid picking or squeezing pimples to prevent blockage of sebaceous glands.
• Treat acne or other skin conditions promptly.
• For recurring cysts, a dermatologist may recommend removal or monitoring.

FAQs

Q1. Are cysts cancerous?
Most cysts are benign, but any rapidly growing, painful, or unusual cyst should be checked by a doctor.

Q2. Can cysts go away on their own?
Some small cysts may shrink over time, but many persist unless removed.

Q3. Is it safe to pop a cyst at home?
No. Popping or squeezing can lead to infection, scarring, or recurrence.

Q4. How can I prevent cysts?
Good hygiene, avoiding skin trauma, and early treatment of acne or blocked glands can help reduce risk.

Q5. Do cysts come back after removal?
If entire cyst sac is removed surgically, recurrence is rare. Partial removal or drainage alone may lead to recurrence.