Eczema

What is Eczema?

Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes redness, inflammation, itchiness, and dryness. It can appear anywhere on the body but is most common on the hands, elbows, knees, face, and neck.

Causes

Genetic Factors

• Family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies.
• Defective skin barrier → skin loses moisture and is more sensitive.

Environmental Triggers

• Irritants: soaps, detergents, perfumes, harsh fabrics.
• Allergens: pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods.
• Climate: dry air, extreme temperatures, or humidity changes.

Lifestyle / Other Triggers

• Stress → can worsen flare-ups.
• Sweat → increases irritation and itching.
• Hormonal changes → can aggravate eczema.
• Skin infections → bacterial or viral infections can trigger flare-ups.

Symptoms / Appearance

• Red, inflamed patches of skin.
• Itching, sometimes severe.
• Dry, cracked, or scaly skin.
• Blisters or oozing in acute flare-ups.
• Thickened skin (lichenification) from repeated scratching.
• Commonly affected areas: hands, feet, elbows, knees, face, neck, and scalp.

Treatments

At-Home / Self-Care

• Keep skin moisturised with emollients multiple times daily.
• Avoid known triggers and irritants.
• Take lukewarm showers, avoid hot water.
• Wear soft, breathable fabrics.
• Apply cool compresses to relieve itching.

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Medical Treatments

• Topical corticosteroids → reduce inflammation and redness.
• Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, pimecrolimus) → for sensitive areas.
• Antihistamines → relieve itching, especially at night.
• Antibiotics / antifungals → if secondary infection occurs.
• Phototherapy (UV light) → for chronic or widespread eczema.
• Systemic medications (oral steroids or immunosuppressants) → for severe cases under medical supervision.

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Prevention

• Regular moisturization to maintain the skin barrier.
• Identify and avoid triggers.
• Wear soft, non-irritating clothing.
• Maintain healthy lifestyle and stress management.
• Avoid scratching; keep nails short.
• Use mild, fragrance-free skincare products.

FAQs

Q1. Is eczema contagious?
No, eczema cannot be spread to others.

Q2. Can eczema be cured?
There is no permanent cure, but flare-ups can be controlled and managed effectively.

Q3. Does diet affect eczema?
Certain food allergies may trigger eczema, especially in children. A balanced diet helps overall skin health.

Q4. Are steroids safe for eczema?
Topical steroids are safe when used as prescribed. Long-term use of strong steroids should be monitored by a doctor.

Q5. How can I prevent flare-ups?
Moisturize regularly, avoid triggers, manage stress, and maintain gentle skincare routines.